13．My Understanding of Money
　　I used to walk around the store with my parents constantly begging for something. I remember the sight of all the colorful bags of chips and candy that I asked my parents to buy for me. I cannot remember a time when I didn't beg for something at the store.
　　When I was about twelve years old, my dad always (1)       my begging and told me with a frustrated (使人挫败的) face, "You can waste all the money as you want when you have a job." I listened, but I never really heard the (2)       he was trying to get across to me. Since I wanted so many things and my parents were not going to buy them for me, I decided to make money as a (3)       myself. I remember the feeling of getting new money in my pocket, then throwing it out within the next week.
　　A few years later, I was a freshman in high school and did not feel like looking for a new job. One day, I saw people handing out flyers (传单) at school. I wasn't (4)       at first because I thought I was fine making money by babysitting. But once I (5)       thought about the money I could make, I applied to work as a lifeguard advertised on the flyer.
　　After a few months' training, I could finally start the job. But the more money I made, the less I wanted to spend. As the work and pay increased, so did my responsibility with money. Instead of (6)       my money on useless things, I started saving up. I finally realized that money meant so much more to me because I was the one (7)       for it. Now, I have 5, 000 dollars in my bank account, and I limit myself to what I buy. My life has permanently (持久地) been influenced because I know the (8)      of money. It is more than what I can spend.

14．　　The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. In the ancient days, they were important instruction

15．Katy's Book Report
　　It was Monday afternoon. Pointing to the blackboard, Mr. Hayes reminded, his students, "You should hand in your book report next Monday."
　　Katy said in a low voice, "I haven't started yet."
　　Tom looked surprised, "I've already finished reading mine."
　　"We still have a whole week," Katy said, "There's plenty of time. I will start reading it tonight right after the soccer practice."
　　But Katy was too tired to read after the soccer practice. "I'll start the book tomorrow," she told herself.
　　Tuesday came. Katy watched TV for a few hours, and then worked on her coin collection until bedtime. "It's too late to read now," Katy decided. "Tomorrow, I'll start it for sure."
　　On Wednesday, Tom warned her not to leave things until the last minute. "It's not the last minute," Katy told him. "I still have four whole days left."
　　Unfortunately, she had to clean up her messy room first. Then, she was too tired to read. So Katy put off starting her book until Thursday.
　　Katy finally began reading her book on Thursday. It was so hard that she had read only a few pages by bedtime.
　　On Friday night, Katy gave up watching her favorite video, for she had to read her book. Then on Saturday morning, she went on reading it.
　　"At least I have the whole weekend," she thought. However, she forgot her soccer game! So she lost several hours to read, which made her even more worried.
　　Katy read for the rest of Saturday, and she thought to herself, "I wish I'd started it earlier, like Tom!"
　　Katy finally finished reading her book on Sunday morning and stayed up writing her book report until, midnight.
　　She looked tired and nervous, thinking to herself, "I think this project has taught me an important lesson."

16．　　Different from common belief, blue light may not have a strong negative effect as people thought according to the scientists from the University of Manchester.
　　It's known that our body clock measures brightness through melanopsin (黑素蛋白), a specialized light sensitive protein in the eye. So there has been lots of interest in studying the influence of light on the body clock. Researchers changed the make-up of short and long wavelength light, which provided a small difference in brightness, as well as changes in color. Findings suggested blue light might be troublesome to our sleep patterns.
　　The new research, however, used a different method, since the changes in color may oppose the benefits from reducing the brightness signals detected (探测) by melanopsin. The team used specially designed lighting to change color without changing brightness.
　　Findings of the new research showed that blue colors produced weaker effects on the subjects' body clock than equally bright yellow colors. "Our recognition of color comes from the retinal cone cells (视网膜锥形细胞), and the blue color signals they supply reduce the influence of light on the body clock," explained the lead researcher. "The research shows the common view that blue light has the strongest effect on the body clock is misguided."
　　According to the team, using dim (昏暗的), cooler lights in the evening and bright warmer lights during the day may be more beneficial to ensure healthy patterns of sleep. Twilight (暮光) is both dimmer and bluer than daylight and the body clock uses both of those features to decide on the proper times to be asleep and awake.
　　The findings have important suggestions for the design of lighting and visual displays which aim to promote people's sleep patterns. Present technologies are mostly designed to limit our evening exposure to blue light by changing the screen color of mobile devices. The technology, however, may send the body clock mixed messages. This is because the small changes in brightness they produce come along with colors that are commonly seen during the day. So there's more for the designers to take into consideration.
　　Setting our body clocks in line with our social and work schedules can be good for our health, and using color correctly could be a way to help us better achieve that.

17．　　Sophia is smart, talented and incredibly nice. As a team leader, she wishes Nathan, a member of her history project, did his part as required. But rather than criticize him, Sophia offered polite encouragement trying to push him instead, only to find that Nathan kept falling behind. It ended up that other team members, who had to take on more work, complained about both Sophia and Nathan, while Nathan himself complained that he was not treated fairly.
　　How did poor Sophia get into this mess? The primary reason was that Sophia failed in a key aspect of leadership — the duty to provide clear feedback (反馈) for team members. This isn't simply a duty but a correctness.
　　Failing to question or criticize Nathan's work, Sophia was in fact unkind. Many people are not a failure, like Nathan in this case;they're just in the wrong place, and still left in the dark. What they really need is feedback from their leaders. However, Sophia, in this case, withheld a gift from Nathan.
　　"You'd better use open, honest, continuous and clear feedback," says Harry Kraemer, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University, "to help figure out someone's best fit — in their particular job or in the organization."
　　This approach also prevents surprises. It's not uncommon to see someone suddenly removed from a team. They may have deserved it, but with a kind leader, they wouldn't have been caught off-guard because they would have been receiving open, honest, continuous and clear judgment of their performance.
　　Then why is it so hard for leaders to give good feedback? "We like to be liked," Kraemer says. So we avoid anything that may cause unpleasantness, but that kind of feedback usually helps members find the right place for them. "If you like to be liked, the chance of being respected is extremely low. However, if you start off focusing on being respected, you have a chance of being liked." Kraemer adds. The most difficult part for the leader, of course, involves criticizing someone. That is what a nice leader finds hard.
　　Back to Sophia's case. Not telling Nathan how he was on the team only made a hard situation worse. But with a different mindset, she could have set herself and Nathan up for success.

18．　　Studies have shown that when students join in team sports, their overall educational experience is greatly improved. In fact, no matter they are good at sports or not, there are still benefits to be got from playing team sports! Here are four lessons team sports can teach students.
　　Have a Bigger Picture
　　At some point in life, everyone goes through challenges. People may think that the choices they make only affect themselves, but as it turns out, that simply isn't true! Team sports teach students about friendship and a sense of belonging to something bigger than themselves. When they play sports on a team, they quickly learn that every choice they make has an influence on their teammates and their opponents (对手)!
　　Be Decisive
　　Making choices can often be difficult for many people since they often over-complicate (过度复杂化) very simple decisions. Playing team sports gets students to reason and come to a decision faster than they might in their day-to-day life. And then, making quick decisions can help students develop a sense of self-confidence.
　　Never Give Up
　　It's always exciting to win in life, but sometimes the greater lessons come from losses in team sports games. To deal with those losses, students should accept them peacefully, move on and try again! Team sports teach students that great comebacks do happen and a loss is never final if they refuse to give up!
　　Put Others First
　　Perhaps the most important lesson that team sports can teach students is how to put others first in difficult situations. Sometimes, they may have to be ready for being second-best for the greater good, because there is often more at play than they can see at first. Sometimes the most pleasing choice students can make is the one to help others even when it is inconvenient. Learning self-sacrifice (自我奉献) is a lesson that students will certainly carry throughout the course of their life!
　　Students don't have to be athletic to succeed at sports, and there are countless benefits of team sports for them.

1. Do students need to be good at sports in order to benefit from team sports?
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2. Why do many people find it difficult to make choices?
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3. How should students deal with losses in team sports games?
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4. What is probably the most important lesson students can learn from team sports?
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5. What's the main idea of this passage?
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19．从下面两个题目中任选一题, 根据中文和英文提示, 完成一篇不少于 50 词的文段写作. 文中已给出内容 不计入总词数. 所给提示词语仅供选用. 请不要写出你的校名和姓名.
题目①垃圾分类, 人人有责.
假如你是李华, 你受学生会的委托, 向在校交换生发出参与垃圾分类的倡议. 请你以"Waste Sorting﹣A Must for Everyone"为题, 用英文写一封倡议书, 谈谈垃圾分类的意义, 以及我们能做什么.
提示词语:waste sorting(垃圾分类), litter, recycle, protect, environment
提示问题: Why is waste sorting important?
What can we do to help with waste sorting?
Waste Sorting﹣A Must for Everyone
Dear students,
Waste sorting is becoming increasingly common around our country. ___________________________.
Student Council