11．　　Many animals use some kinds of "language". They use signals(信号) and the signals have meanings. For example, (1)       a bee has found some food, it goes (2)       its home. (3)       is difficult for a bee to tell (4)       bees where the food is speaking to them, but it can do a little dancing. This tells the bees where the food is and (5)       it is.
　　Some animals show (6)       they feel by making sounds. It is not difficult to tell if a dog is angry because it barks. Birds make several different sounds and (7)       has its meaning. Sometimes we humans make sounds in the same way. We make sounds like "Oh" to (8)       how we feel about (9)       or we (10)       something on our feet.
　　We humans have languages. We have words. These words have meaning of things, action, feeling or ideas. We are able to (11)       each other information, to tell other people (12)      we think or we feel. By writing down words, we can remember what has happened or (13)       messages to people far away.
　　Languages, like people, live and die. If a language is not used by people, it is called a dead language. This language cannot live and grow because (14)       speaks it.
　　A living language, of course, is often spoken by people today. It grows and changes with time. New words are created, and some old words have (15)       meanings.

12．
　　A dog entered a butcher's shop with a note in his mouth. The note read, "＄10 of lamb chops (羊排), please. "The butcher was very (1)      . He took the money, put a bag of chops in the (2)      mouth, and then he closed the shop (3)      . He followed the dog and watched him wait for a green light. Then the dog crossed the road to a bus stop. He checked the timetable and sat on the bench. When a bus arrived, the dog checked the number and got (4)       it.
　　As the bus traveled out into the countryside, the dog enjoyed the scenery. After a while, he stood on his back paws (爪子)to (5)       the"stop"button. Then the butcher followed (6)       off.
　　The dog ran up to a house and dropped his bag on the ground. He went back down the path, took a big run, and (7)       himself against the door. No answer. He repeated the action a(8)      times. Then a big man opened the door (9)       started complaining about the dog and beating him.
　　Seeing this, the butcher ran up and (10)      at the man, "What are you doing?This dog is a genius!"The man replied, "Genius?No way!He has forgotten his key for the fourth time this month!"

13．Q: At recess (课间休息), I don't know what to do because all my friends are playing games I don't like or don't want to play. So I end up standing by myself at recess doing nothing. What should I do?
Alex rider. 13. Bloomfield. N. J.

14．　　You think it's "cool" to carry your backpacks and head out to school. But if you don't know exactly how to choose, load, lift and wear them — these all important accessories (配件) can be a pain in the back. Not to mention the neck, head and shoulders.
　　Backpacks can influence your health. Carrying a heavy load improperly can lead to poor body position;and even hurt the spinal column (脊柱). This can cause muscle strain, headaches, back, neck and arm pain.
　　For example, if it is carried on one shoulder, a heavy backpack forces the muscles and spine to balance the unequal weight. This may increase the possible back problems later in life.
　　More than 50 percent of young people suffer back pain by their teenage years. Research shows that this could be mainly caused by improper use of backpacks.
　　Here's some advice to help you carry backpacks comfortably and safely.
　　Choose the right backpack. Forget leather (皮革)! It looks great, but it's far too heavy. Go for canvas (帆布). Pick a pack that has two wide, adjustable, comfortable shoulder straps (带子), along with a hip or waist strap, and plenty of pockets. Make sure the pack fits properly and its size is suitable for the wearer's body.
　　Pack it properly. Only put in the pack what is needed for that day. It's a good idea to know what each object weighs. The total weight of the filled pack should be no more than 10 to 15 percent of the wearer's own body weight. Pack the heaviest objects close to the body, and place little ones outside, away from the back.
　　Put the backpack on. Put the pack on a smooth surface, at waist height. Put on the pack, one shoulder at a time, then adjust (调整) the straps to fit comfortably. Remember when lifting a backpack, or anything, to lift using the arms and legs and to bend at the knees.
　　Use the right way to wear a backpack. Both shoulder straps should be used, and adjusted so that the pack fits the body, without hanging to one side. Backpacks should never be worn over just one shoulder. You should be able to move your hands between the backpack and your back. The waist strap should also be worn.
　　Take the above advice, and you may not complain back pain, numbness or weakness in your arms and legs any more.

15．　　Try this: for a whole day, forget about the clock. Eat when you're hungry and sleep when you're tired. What do you think will happen?
　　You may be surprised to find that your day is much like most other days. You'll probably get hungry when you normally eat and tired when you normally sleep. Even though you don't know what time it is, your body does.
　　Inside our bodies are several clock like systems that follow a 24-hour cycle. Everyone is unique, which is why you might like to stay up late while your sister always wants to go to bed early.
　　Regularly staying up late can make kids do worse on tests and quizzes. And working shifts at night leads to higher rates of heart disease.
　　"There is a growing sense that when we eat and when we sleep are important parts of how healthy we are," says Steven Shea, Director of the Sleep Disorders Research Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
　　"During the night, we are prepared to sleep," Shea says. "During the day, we are prepared to eat and move around, If you reverse (颠倒) what you are doing, everything is out of phase. That can have adverse consequences.

16．　　A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish. So, a zero-waste store is about providing a kind of everyday and pleasant looking zero-waste products to help people start on a zero-waste life journey.
　　"Zero waste" or "danshari" was first suggested by a French woman called Bea Johnson. Her idea is:live a life and try not to create any rubbish;use different kinds of ways to save the environment such as stopping the use of one off objects;giving unwanted things to others or giving them away to organizations like the Red Cross.
　　Yu Yuan, 27, is deeply interested in this idea. She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years. And earlier she used to buy things without thinking about them carefully until she saw a video about "zero waste", in which a family of four placed the rubbish they produced every year in a jar (罐). After watching the video, Yu wanted to experience this zero﹣waste lifestyle with her boyfriend.
　　A zero-waste life follows the 6 R rule-Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot. Over August — October when Yu followed the rule of zero waste 6 R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both produced only two cans of rubbish.
　　Now, the couple have opened a small shop in Beijing, where they use wood products to take the place of plastic ones and cloth bags printed with environmentally friendly logos. Most products sold in the store can be reused. The store also has secondhand books and CDs/DVDs with ideas to make the best of the used things.
　　"Those who once experienced the non-waste lifestyle have slowly changed their ideas," says Yu. "The zero-waste lifestyle is not for ascetics (苦行僧). It is just around us at our fingertips." Yu expects some of her friends to join her on the road to zero waste.

17．　　Experts in nutrition (营养) suggest that we should eat at least five different kinds of vegetables and fruit a day. They are very necessary for our health and help our bodies work well. They can help reduce (减少) the risk of getting ill. There are a lot of vegetables and fruit to choose from and they taste delicious. (1)      
　　It's easy to buy our food from the local supermarket, so why do we go to the trouble of growing our own?Here are several good reasons:
　　(2)       You can pick and eat it at once. When you have tried it, you will agree that vegetables and fruit that are eaten straight from the garden taste better than anything you can buy in a supermarket.
　　You may want to cut down on your "food miles" — the distance that a product has travelled before it reaches your kitchen. Many food packages are flown halfway across the earth. (3)      
　　Homegrown food is likely to be healthier. Food producers often use fertilizers (化肥)and pesticides (农药)which can end up in your food. If you grow your own, things are different. (4)       You might also choose to grow some traditional vegetables and fruit. These often have more of the vitamins, minerals (矿物质) and protein(蛋白质) that keep you healthy.
　　(5)       And you can grow your own even if you only have a small backyard or a balcony (阳台). Some food can grow well in pots, including lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes and carrots. You can recycle plastic bottles and cups to grow something. Just make sure there are holes for drainage (排水) and a small plate under them to catch drops of water.
　　Happy gardening!

18．(Jane and Lin Tao are talking about classical(古典的)music, pop music and the Beijing Opera. )
Lin Tao: I really love classical music. (1)      
Jane:What about pop music?Do you like it?
Lin Tao: Yes, but not so much as classical music.
Jane: Well, I'm interested in pop music. I like it very much.
Lin Tao: (2)      
Jane: Yes, certainly.
Lin Tao: (3)      
Jane: Only a little, but it doesn't matter whether I understand the words or not. (4)      
Lin Tao: How about the Beijing Opera?Do you like it, too?
Jane: (5)      
Lin Tao: Really? I don't like it at all. I'm afraid I'll fall asleep if I listen to it. It's much too slow.

19．如今, 电视这一新闻媒体已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分之一. 电视节目(新闻、广告、电影等)在带给我们欢乐和知识的同时, 也存在着一些弊端. 请结合你的亲身经历, 谈一谈你对电视节目的看法. 词数 60﹣80之间.
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